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Drug
Select the drug for which you would like tabulations.The list includes all drugs for which there were at least 1000 DAWN mentions(for the entire U.S.) in 2001. At the top of the list are the most common illicit drugs and drug categories reported to DAWN, as well as lower frequency drugs of particular policy interest. The remaining drugs are listed alphabetically."); } if (ID == "startdate"){ helpmessage("Date
Specify the time period to be covered by the tabulations by selecting a beginning and ending month and year. Your table will have one column for each month of the selected period, and a total column."); } if (ID == "enddate"){ helpmessage("Date
Specify the time period to be covered by the tabulations by selecting a beginning and ending month and year. Your table will have one column for each month of the selected period, and a total column."); } if (ID == "patichar"){ helpmessage("Patient Characteristics
You must select at least one Patient Characteristic or Episode Characteristic variable in order to produce a table. Check the 'Select All' button if you would like a table for each of the available Patient Characteristics (gender, race/ethnicity, age). If you want tables for only one or two of these variables, check the box for each variable of interest, which will automatically deselect the 'Select All' button. If you do not want tables for any of these variables, deselect the 'Select All' button."); } if (ID == "gender"){ helpmessage("Gender
Gender includes the following categories:Race
Race/Ethnicity is tabulated into the following categories:
All cases reported to DAWN as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity are tabulated as Hispanic race/ethnicity, regardless of race. Thus, each DAWN episode is classified into exactly one of the categories listed above. The category 'Race/ethnicity not tabulated above' is used to tabulate those categories that are too small to report independently.
The race and ethnicity categories on DAWN data collection forms include more detailed categories for race, permit separate reporting of race and Hispanic ethnicity, and permit more than one race for an individual to be specified. That level of detail is not preserved in tabulations because medical records from which DAWN data are abstracted rarely contain such detailed information on race and ethnicity of patients. For more detailed information about race and ethnicity data in DAWN, please refer to Appendix A of Emergency Department Trends from DAWN: Final Estimates 1994-2001.
"); } if (ID == "age"){ helpmessage("Age
Age is tabulated into the following categories:
The DAWN data collection forms collect age in years, which is collapsed into categories.
"); } if (ID == "epischar"){ helpmessage("Episode Characteristics
No help available."); } if (ID == "drugusemotive"){ helpmessage("Drug Use Motive
Drug Use Motive (reason for taking substance(s)) includes the following categories:Psychic effects includes the two separate categories for Psychic Effects from the DAWN data collection form: 'Recreational Use' (for experimentation or to enhance social situations or conditions, e.g. to get high or for kicks) and 'Other Psychic Effects' (use of drugs to improve or enhance any mental, emotional or physical state).
'Suicide' refers to suicide attempts or gestures - successful or unsuccessful actions taken for the purpose of self-destruction or to gain attention.
"); } if (ID == "patidisp"){ helpmessage("Patient Disposition
Patient Disposition (disposition from emergency department) includes the following categories:'Treated and released' includes patients who were referred elsewhere for follow-up care. 'Admitted to hospital' includes patients who were either admitted as an inpatient to the reporting hospital or transferred to another hospital as an inpatient.
"); } if (ID == "reason"){ helpmessage("Reason for ED Contact
Reason for ED Contact includes the following categories:'Chronic Effects' includes conditions such as Hepatitis, Abscess, Cellulitis, Tremors, and HIV/AIDS contracted through IV drug use.
"); } if (ID == "route"){ helpmessage("Route of Administration
Route of Administration includes the following categories:CAUTION: Route of administration is frequently unavailable in the ED medical records from which DAWN data are abstracted, so conclusions based on non-missing data may not be valid.
"); } if (ID == "dt_metro"){ helpmessage("Metro Area
DAWN produces estimates for 21 metropolitan areas and for the Nation as a whole. You can view tables for a specific metropolitan area, for all metropolitan areas shown together, or for the total U.S.
If you select a specific metropolitan area (i.e., Atlanta, Baltimore, … Washington DC.), the table will show only the statistics for that area.
If you select "All Metro Areas," the table will list each of the 21 metropolitan areas, plus the total U.S., as the row headings. Columns will be years or half-years.
If you select "Total U.S.," the table will show aggregated statistics for the coterminous U.S.; you will not see statistics for individual metro areas.
"); } if (ID == "dt_totals"){ helpmessage("Totals
In these tables, all of the substances reported to DAWN are aggregated within the table. That is, the tables do not show statistics for individual drugs.
"); } if (ID == "dt_drugtype"){ helpmessage("Total Drug Mentions - shows the estimated number of times drugs were "mentioned" in relation to emergency department visits. Because there can be multiple drugs involved in an ED visit (episode), the total estimated number of mentions always exceeds the total estimated number of episodes. (Note: When a metro area or the Total U.S. are selected, tables must include patient demographics or episode characteristics.)
Total Drug Episodes - shows the estimated number of ED visits ("episodes") in which drug abuse was implicated. These tables include all episodes regardless of the number or type of substance involved. (Note: When a metro area or the Total U.S. are selected, tables must include patient demographics or episode characteristics.)
Total ED Visits - shows the total estimated number of ED visits by year, regardless of whether drug abuse was involved. These tables are helpful for seeing the larger context in which drug-related episodes occur. (Note: these tables are available only for "All Metro Areas.")
Drug mentions by type of drug - these tables show mentions for each category as a whole (major substances of abuse, cardiovascular agents, CNS agents, psychotherapeutic agents, and respiratory agents), as well as major subcategories and specific drugs within each subcategory.
"); } if (ID == "dt_drugdetail"){ helpmessage("Drug mentions by drug detail
Cardiovascular agents - these tables show only mentions for cardiovascular agents (e.g., beta-adrenergic blocking agents), including major subcategories and specific drugs within each category.
Central nervous system agents - these tables show only mentions for CNS agents (e.g., analgesics), including major subcategories and specific drugs within each category.
Major substances of abuse - these tables show only mentions for the 15 major substances of abuse as defined by DAWN, including major drugs (e.g., marijuana), and specific terms for each major drug (e.g., "grass," cannabinoids, THC).
Psychotherapeutic agents - these tables show only mentions for psychotherapeutic agents (e.g., benzodiazepines), including major subcategories and specific drugs within each category.
Respiratory agents - these tables show only mentions for respiratory agents (e.g., antihistamines), including major subcategories and specific drugs within each category.
"); } if (ID == "dt_majorsubs"){ helpmessage("Individual Drugs
Separate tables are produced for 15 major drugs of abuse. If one of these drugs is selected, the rows and columns of the table will show statistics for that drug in the designated geographic area and time period. The 15 drugs are (in alphabetical order):
"); } if (ID == "dt_showwith"){ helpmessage("Alcohol-in-combination
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Combinations of major substances
Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)
GHB (gamma hydroxy-butyrate)
Heroin
Inhalants
Ketamine
LSD
Marijuana
MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine, or "ecstasy")
Methamphetamine
Miscellaneous hallucinogens
PCP
Show With
All tables show trends over time. Some also show the drug(s) of interest by patient demographics or episode characteristics.
"); } if (ID == "dt_statistic"){ helpmessage("Patient Demographics - three variables form the row headings (Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Age), while time intervals (year or half-year) form the column headings.
Episode Characteristics - four variables form the row headings (Drug Concomitance, Drug Use Motive, Reason for ED Contact, Patient Disposition) while time intervals (year or half-year) form the column headings. (Note: Rates are not available when "episode characteristics" is selected.)
Trends Only - this term describes tables in which neither patient demographics nor episode characteristics are shown. Instead, the table shows statistics for the selected drug(s), within the selected geographic area, over time.
Statistic
Three types of statistics are available for most tables: estimates, rates, and relative standard errors (RSEs).
"); } if (ID == "dt_period"){ helpmessage("Estimates - the table shows the estimated number of drug mentions associated with the selected criteria.
Rates - the table shows the estimated rate of drug mentions per 100,000 population. Rates are especially useful when you want to make valid comparisons across metropolitan areas.
RSEs - the table provides the relative standard errors (RSEs) associated with the corresponding "estimates" table.
Period
The column headings in each table represent periods of time. If you select "Year," each column heading is a full year (i.e., 1994, 1995, … 2001). If you select "Half Year," each column heading will be a 6-month period (Jan-Jun 1997, Jul-Dec 1997… Jul-Dec 2001).
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